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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
257
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
257
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

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A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Inpatient Insulin Dosing Calculators.

Jessica J Hansen1, Grace M Bacani1, Patricia S Juang1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Diabetes Spectrum : a Publication of the American Diabetes Association
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inpatient insulin calculators can enhance blood glucose control and streamline care for diabetic patients. However, implementing these computerized insulin protocols presents institutional challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Diabetes management in hospitals is complex and growing.
  • Inpatient insulin calculators offer potential benefits for patient care and workflow.
  • Implementing these tools faces institutional hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of inpatient insulin calculators.
  • To identify challenges in implementing computerized insulin protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inpatient insulin calculators.
  • Analysis of implementation barriers in healthcare settings.

Main Results:

  • Insulin calculators can improve blood glucose management.
  • Workflow simplification is a key advantage.
  • Widespread adoption is hindered by implementation challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Computerized insulin protocols hold promise for inpatient diabetes care.
  • Overcoming institutional challenges is crucial for successful implementation.