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Elevated serum phoenixin levels in boys with central precocious puberty are positively correlated with BMI

Tao Xie1,2,3, Wei Qin1,2,3, Dan Zeng1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.

Endocrine Connections
|August 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Phoenixin (PNX) levels are elevated in boys with central precocious puberty (CPP) and correlate with BMI. PNX aids in CPP diagnosis and monitoring treatment effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Central precocious puberty (CPP) involves early onset of puberty in children.
  • Phoenixin (PNX) is a peptide hormone with potential roles in reproductive function.
  • Factors influencing PNX levels in CPP require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum phoenixin (PNX) levels in boys with CPP.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of PNX in CPP.
  • To identify factors influencing PNX expression in CPP.

Main Methods:

  • Serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were measured in 43 boys with CPP and 48 controls using ELISA.
  • Correlations with luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and BMI were analyzed.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed diagnostic performance; 12 boys were followed post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Serum PNX-20 and PNX-14 levels were significantly higher in boys with CPP compared to controls.
  • Higher PNX levels were observed in overweight/obese CPP patients.
  • PNX levels correlated positively with LH, testosterone, and BMI; PNX-14 associated with LH, PNX-20 with BMI.

Conclusions:

  • PNX is linked to pubertal progression and BMI in boys with CPP.
  • PNX demonstrates moderate diagnostic value, particularly PNX-20, as an adjunct marker.
  • PNX-20 levels decreased after treatment, suggesting its utility in monitoring therapy.
Abstract

Keywords:
BMIboyscentral precocious pubertydiagnosisphoenixintreatment evaluation

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