Self-Propelled Magnetic Nanorobots Alleviating Tumor Hypoxia for Targeted Drug Delivery

The biological barrier and hypoxic microenvironment of tumor tissues remain major challenges in clinical therapeutics. Self-propelled nanorobots have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations, enabling deep drug penetration and amelioration of tumor hypoxia. In this study, an asymmetric badminton-shaped magnetic nanorobot platform is developed featuring a microporous tail structure. These nanorobots are functionalized with lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, and triptolide through electrostatic adsorption. The cascade reaction of these two enzymes provides a driving force for magnetic nanorobots, while further improving the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor tissues by degrading lactic acid metabolites. Furthermore, surface modification with nucleic acid aptamers enhanced the active targeting capability of the nanorobots. In vitro simulation experiments and biological validation comprehensively evaluated the deep drug delivery capabilities and tumor treatment efficacy of the resulting nanorobots. Collectively, this study provides important implications for ongoing deeper tumor treatments.