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Related Concept Videos

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Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
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[Reoviruses: from replication cycle to oncolytic activity].

Guy Lemay

    Virologie (Montrouge, France)
    |August 18, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mammalian reovirus is a naturally oncolytic virus that preferentially destroys cancer cells without genetic modification. This review explores its replication cycle and strategies to enhance its anticancer virotherapy potential.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology

    Context:

    • Mammalian reovirus (MRV) exhibits natural oncolytic properties, targeting transformed cells selectively.
    • Research into MRV as an oncolytic virus for cancer therapy began in the 1970s and gained momentum in the late 1990s.
    • Virotherapy offers a promising avenue for cancer treatment, leveraging viruses to combat malignancies.

    Purpose:

    • To review the viral replication cycle of MRV in the context of its oncolytic activity.
    • To explore strategies for optimizing the oncolytic efficacy of MRV for enhanced anticancer virotherapy.
    • To provide an overview of MRV's potential as a naturally oncolytic agent.

    Summary:

    • Mammalian reovirus is a unique, naturally oncolytic virus that selectively targets and destroys cancer cells without requiring genetic engineering.
    Keywords:
    oncolytic virusesreovirus

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  • The review details the key stages of the reovirus replication cycle that contribute to its oncolytic effects.
  • It also discusses potential methods to improve reovirus-based cancer therapy.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the potential of naturally occurring viruses in cancer treatment, reducing the need for complex genetic modifications.
    • Provides a foundation for further research into optimizing reovirus as a targeted cancer therapy.
    • Contributes to the growing field of virotherapy by elucidating the mechanisms and enhancement strategies for oncolytic viruses.