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Central hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease: a Spanish cohort observational study

Fernando Guerrero-Pérez1,2, Pedro Iglesias3,4, Miguel Paja Fano5,6

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. ferguepe@hotmail.com.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|August 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Central hypothyroidism presents a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The incidence of these factors, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality were similar in both isolated and combined forms of the condition.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Central hypothyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder with limited data on associated cardiovascular risks.
  • Understanding cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and diseases (CVDs) is crucial for managing patients with central hypothyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and incidence of CVRFs, CVDs, and mortality in adults with central hypothyroidism.
  • To compare cardiovascular outcomes between patients with isolated and combined central hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, retrospective, observational study involving 637 patients with central hypothyroidism from 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals.
  • Data collected included baseline demographics, CVRFs, CVDs, and outcomes during a median follow-up of 7.0 years.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, high prevalence of dyslipidemia (34.2%), hypertension (31.4%), and diabetes (13.2%) was observed.
  • Incident CVRFs and CVDs were common during follow-up, with similar rates between isolated and combined central hypothyroidism.
  • Mortality occurred in 7.2% of patients, with infections and CVDs as leading causes.

Conclusions:

  • Central hypothyroidism is associated with a significant burden of cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality do not significantly differ between isolated and combined central hypothyroidism.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific management strategies for cardiovascular health in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular risk factorsCentral hypothyroidismHypopituitarismHypothyroidism

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