T cell redirecting therapy for relapsed multiple myeloma

In recent years, the utilization of immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and CD38 targeting monoclonal antibodies has led to significant improvements in the overall outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma. Despite these advances, relapse remains common, and until recently, the prognosis of such patients was guarded. The approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and T-cell engagers (TCE) have considerably improved the survival in these patients with triple and penta-class refractory disease. This paper reviews the clinical outcomes associated with these novel immunotherapeutic agents, including their associated toxicities, their role and optimal sequencing within the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma. The importance of supportive care in managing these patients will be discussed. Finally, we offer a perspective on emerging developments in the immunotherapy of relapsed multiple myeloma.