ILAE neuroimaging task force highlight: Tuberous sclerosis complex-related epilepsy

The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force publishes educational case reports that highlight basic aspects of neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the ILAE's educational mission. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, complex, and multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disorder that arises from variations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. While characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, TSC commonly presents with epilepsy, which is a clinically challenging feature of the condition. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis, screening, and long-term monitoring of TSC patients. CT serves as the first-line imaging tool in emergency settings; yet MRI is the primary diagnostic modality for TSC. In this report, we present two patients with TSC-related epilepsy and analyze their neuroimaging findings. We also address the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by TSC patients with epilepsy.