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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
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Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

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The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

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The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

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The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
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Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems
08:42

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Cognitive bridge between geometric and numerical learning in monkeys.

Jessica F Cantlon1, Logan R Brownell1, Jialin Li1

  • 1Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeys learned both numerical and spatial concepts, showing that spatial learning supports numerical understanding. This suggests a shared evolutionary basis for these cognitive abilities in primates.

Keywords:
cognitive developmentmathematical abilitynumerical cognitionprimate cognitionspatial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human development shows strong links between numerical and spatial cognition, often influenced by cultural tools like number lines.
  • Emerging evidence suggests these connections may have evolutionary roots, appearing even without cultural tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how primates learn spatial and numerical concepts without prior task experience.
  • To explore the interplay between spatial and numerical learning in non-human primates.

Main Methods:

  • Task-naïve monkeys were trained on both numerical and geometric tasks.
  • Learning trajectories and discriminability effects were analyzed.
  • Cross-lagged analyses examined the predictive relationship between learning in the two tasks.

Main Results:

  • Monkeys successfully learned both numerical and geometric concepts.
  • Abstract quantitative features were better predictors of performance than visual similarity, indicating abstract processing.
  • Learning in the geometry task significantly predicted future gains in numerosity performance.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial and numerical learning in primates depend on interconnected cognitive processes.
  • These findings suggest an evolutionary foundation for the human numerical-spatial cognitive bridge.