A Review of Research Progress on the Microbial or Enzymatic Degradation and Mechanism of Aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic Aspergillus species, which are highly toxic and exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. Cereals and their products are the primary targets for aflatoxin-producing fungal contamination, causing substantial losses to the livestock and food industries. Due to the high toxicity and widespread contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the prevention and degradation of AFs in cereals and their products are essential. This review summarizes the AFB1-degrading bacteria, such as Bacillus, Actinomycetes, and γ-Proteobacteria, as well as fungi, including Aspergillus and Basidiomycota. It also provides an overview and discussion of the chemical structures and toxicity of the degradation products. Additionally, the review delves into the possible oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic mechanisms of AFB1 enzymatic degradation. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the biological degradation of AFB1 and to promote further research in this area.