Exploring the Impact of E-cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Electronic cigarettes are popular tobacco products that heat e-liquid into an aerosol for inhalation. Since their introduction to the market, electronic cigarettes have been considered a safer alternative to combustible tobacco products. However, most of today's users are adolescents and young adults naïve to tobacco products, who are drawn to e-cigarettes by appealing designs and targeted marketing, resulting in exposure to largely unknown short- and long-term health risks. While the cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes remain incompletely understood, there has been a growing concern surrounding their potential acute and chronic impact on cardiovascular health and disease risks. In this review, we examine the components of e-cigarettes and evaluate the cardiovascular effects of both acute and regular e-cigarette exposure, summarizing findings from existing preclinical and clinical studies to provide a comprehensive overview about the topic.