Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prominent contributor to global mortality rates, and its prevalence is consistently on the rise. The utilization of deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling methodologies has yielded empirical support for the notion that the transcriptional activity of the human genome is more expansive than previously postulated. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous collection of noncoding transcripts with a length exceeding 200 nucleotides. Transposable elements represent a significant proportion of the human genome, and their potential contribution could be as high as 90%. LncRNAs can exert control over several biological processes through their ability to modulate the transcriptional activity of coding genes, engage in direct protein interactions, and potentially encode proteins. lncRNAs have been acknowledged as significant factors in the causation and progression of myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and other pathological processes that have a considerable influence on the prognosis and survival of individuals afflicted with CVD. Moreover, the observable patterns of expression demonstrated by lncRNAs in different CVD scenarios greatly augment their potential as biomarkers and targets for intervention. To lay a strong foundation for future research on the mitigation and management of CVDs, we comprehensively examine current scholarly literature on lncRNAs in the context of cardiovascular disorders. The discourse also involves the potential usefulness of lncRNAs as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions.