Acute lung injury: pathogenesis and treatment

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious clinical condition that often leads to respiratory failure and high mortality. This review describes the pathogenesis of ALI, including the involvement of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the generation of oxidative stress, the occurrence of apoptosis, the dysfunction of mitochondrial function, and the breakdown of lung endothelial and epithelial cell barriers. These mechanisms interact to cause significant damage and dysfunction of lung tissue. In addition, the current situation of prevention and treatment of ALI was discussed, with emphasis on lung protective ventilation, fluid management, mesenchymal stem cell therapy and drug therapy. We also analyze the latest research advances in advanced nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI, and the application of this nanomedicine could provide new ideas for the development of effective ALI therapeutics in the future.