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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
20.2K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.1K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.1K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.1K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
13.1K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.5K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.5K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.5K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.5K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.2K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

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Work statistics and thermal phase transitions.

Kwai-Kong Ng1, Min-Fong Yang1

  • 1Tunghai University, Department of Applied Physics, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.

Physical Review. E
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Quantum work statistics effectively identify thermal phase transitions in many-body systems, extending their use beyond quantum phase transitions. This research broadens the application of work statistics for analyzing critical phenomena.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum many-body systems
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum work, distinct from classical work due to its statistical nature, is crucial in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • Prior research indicates quantum work can signal quantum phase transitions under sudden quenches.
  • The utility of quantum work for identifying thermal phase transitions is largely unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of quantum work statistics in characterizing thermal phase transitions.
  • To investigate thermal phase transitions in a hard-core boson model subjected to a sudden quench.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Ising, three-state Potts, and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless thermal phase transitions.
  • Application of finite-size scaling analysis to work statistics.

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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
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Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

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Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
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Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
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  • Utilizing a sudden-quench hard-core boson model.

    • Main Results:

    • Work statistics demonstrate the ability to characterize critical behaviors of thermal phase transitions.
    • The findings confirm that quantum work is a versatile indicator of phase transitions.

    Conclusions:

    • Quantum work statistics can serve as a universal tool for identifying thermal phase transitions.
    • This study establishes a foundation for utilizing work statistics in analyzing critical phenomena across various systems.