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Newer and emerging sexually transmitted infections: A narrative review

Ayush Jain1, Sonali Gupta1, Nikhil Mehta1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|August 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing, with both traditional and new infections emerging. This review highlights these evolving sexually transmissible infections, emphasizing the need for awareness and prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Resurgence of traditional sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like syphilis and gonorrhea.
  • Emergence of atypical infections presenting as STIs.
  • Expanding spectrum of STIs due to evolving behaviors, globalization, and pathogen adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review viral, bacterial, fungal, and enteric infections newly identified or increasingly transmitted sexually.
  • To introduce the concept of sexually transmissible infections.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing sexual transmission for these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of emerging and re-emerging sexually transmitted infections.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the changing landscape of STIs.
  • Synthesis of information on viral, bacterial, fungal, and enteric pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key pathogens and infections increasingly transmitted through sexual contact.
  • Recognition of evolving host behaviors, pathogen virulence, and environmental factors driving STI trends.
  • Highlighting infections where sexual transmission is a significant, though sometimes minor, route of spread.

Conclusions:

  • The definition and scope of STIs are expanding.
  • Heightened clinical and public health awareness is crucial for timely identification, management, and prevention of these infections.
  • Proactive strategies are needed to address the evolving threat of sexually transmissible infections.
Keywords:
EbolaTinea genitalisZikagenital tuberculosismPoxsexually transmitted infections

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