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Bidirectional association between vitiligo and melasma: A large-scale population-based study.

Shany Sherman1,2, Hadar Duskin-Bitan2,3, Tamir Agiv2

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found a significant bidirectional association between vitiligo and melasma. Individuals with vitiligo have an increased risk of developing melasma, and vice versa.

Keywords:
Bidirectional associationcontrol studymelasmanested caseretrospective cohort studyvitiligo

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The co-occurrence of vitiligo and melasma is infrequently studied.
  • Understanding the relationship between these two distinct pigmentary disorders is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential independent bidirectional association between vitiligo and melasma.
  • To quantify the risk and odds of developing one condition in the presence of the other.

Main Methods:

  • A large population-based study utilizing retrospective cohort and nested case-control designs.
  • Involved 24,436 patients with vitiligo and 119,205 matched controls.
  • Calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Vitiligo patients exhibited a 60% increased risk of developing melasma (aHR: 1.58).
  • Prevalence of pre-existing melasma was higher in vitiligo patients (0.9% vs 0.5%).
  • Melasma was associated with a 30% increased odds of developing vitiligo (aOR: 1.32).

Conclusions:

  • A significant bidirectional association exists between vitiligo and melasma.
  • The findings suggest these conditions may influence each other's development.
  • Further research into treatment strategies for patients with both vitiligo and melasma is warranted.