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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

4.9K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Bias and discrimination perceived by antimicrobial stewards: a mixed-methods study.

Jessica Tischendorf1, Allison Giuffre2, Katherine Cinnamon3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

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Summary

Women and junior antimicrobial stewards disproportionately experience bias and discrimination, impacting job satisfaction. Addressing these issues and providing mitigation strategies is crucial for institutions and professional societies.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Disparities
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Bias and discrimination significantly affect healthcare experiences, including those of antimicrobial stewardship providers.
  • Understanding these perceptions is vital for improving the work environment within antimicrobial stewardship programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the perceptions and experiences of bias and discrimination among antimicrobial stewards.
  • To identify the sources, impact, and potential mitigation strategies for bias experienced by stewards.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach combining a nationwide electronic survey and semi-structured interviews.
  • Survey distributed to physicians, pharmacists, advanced practice providers, and trainees in antimicrobial stewardship roles.
  • Interviews conducted to gain deeper insights into stewards' experiences with bias and discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Of 204 participants, 50% of female stewards reported experiencing bias or discrimination compared to 26% of male stewards.
  • Females were 2.8 times more likely to experience bias/discrimination when controlling for other factors (P < 0.01).
  • Qualitative themes revealed sources of bias, its impact on stewards, and coping strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial stewards, particularly women and junior members, face disproportionate bias and discrimination.
  • These experiences negatively affect job satisfaction and perceived effectiveness.
  • Institutions and professional societies must prioritize acknowledging these issues and equipping stewards with mitigation strategies.