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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

45.1K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
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Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

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Lower odor identification in subjective cognitive decline: a meta-analysis.

Benoît Jobin1,2,3, Zigrand Coline4,5, Johannes Frasnelli2,6,5

  • 1Department of Psychology Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières Québec Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals reporting subjective cognitive decline (SCD) show poorer odor identification compared to cognitively normal individuals. This olfactory deficit may precede general cognitive decline, suggesting its potential as an early Alzheimer's disease biomarker.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasebiomarkermeta‐analysisolfactionolfactory identificationsmellsubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Odor identification decline is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.
  • Olfactory deficits may appear before cognitive impairment, during the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare odor identification abilities between individuals with SCD and cognitively normal (CN) individuals.
  • To investigate olfactory function as a potential early indicator in preclinical AD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across four databases for studies on olfactory identification and cognitive screening in adults aged 50+.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis of 11 studies, including 660 SCD participants and 574 CN participants.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with SCD had significantly lower odor identification scores than CN participants (SMD = -0.67, p=0.04).
  • Meta-regression indicated a negative association between cognitive and olfactory differences (β = -1.79, p=0.02), with olfactory decline in SCD despite minimal cognitive differences.

Conclusions:

  • Lower odor identification is observed in individuals with SCD, suggesting olfactory decline precedes general cognitive decline.
  • Olfactory identification shows promise as an early screening tool for neurodegeneration in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
  • Study highlights the need for multimodal biomarker approaches due to observed heterogeneity.