Post-Engraftment Syndrome Following Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Relapsed...

Post-engraftment syndrome (PES) is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) that presents with fever, skin rash and pulmonary involvement. Despite its clinical relevance, PES remains a diagnostic challenge and is often misidentified as an infectious process, leading to a delay in the appropriate treatment. We report the case of a 38-year-old man with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency who developed severe PES following AHSCT. The patient experienced severe respiratory distress and an altered mental status, necessitating intubation and intensive care unit admission. Despite broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage, his condition deteriorated until intravenous corticosteroids were administered, with a subsequent remarkable clinical response. This case highlights the importance of the early recognition and appropriate management of PES.