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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

A p-Type Liquid-Crystal Semiconductor with Synergistic Morphological and Charge-Dynamic Modulation Enables

Tianqi Chen^1,2, Yanyi Zhong³, Xuehang Dong¹

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|August 19, 2025

Summary

A novel p-type liquid crystalline (LC) organic semiconductor, Ph-BTBT-10, enhances organic solar cell (OSC) performance by simultaneously controlling morphology and improving electrical properties. This dual action boosts efficiency beyond 20%.

Keywords:

charge dynamics liquid‐crystal semiconductor morphology regulation organic solar cells power conversion efficiency

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

Solid additives are crucial for organic solar cell (OSC) morphology control, but often have poor electrical properties.
Existing additives primarily focus on morphology, limiting improvements in charge carrier mobility and overall device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a multifunctional additive for D18:L8-BO based binary OSCs.
To investigate the impact of a p-type rod-like liquid crystalline (LC) organic semiconductor, Ph-BTBT-10, on OSC morphology and electrical properties.
To achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in binary OSCs.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of Ph-BTBT-10 as a solid additive in D18:L8-BO blend films.
Characterization of film morphology and electrical properties.
Fabrication and performance testing of optimized binary OSC devices.

Main Results:

Ph-BTBT-10 enabled precise morphological control and enhanced intrinsic electrical properties due to strong π-π stacking and high mobility.
Synergistic effects included extended exciton diffusion length, improved charge separation, suppressed recombination, and boosted hole mobility.
Optimized devices achieved a PCE of 20.3%, with a short-circuit current density of 27.28 mA cm⁻² and fill factor of 80.5%.

Conclusions:

P-type LC semiconductors act as effective multifunctional additives for OSCs.
Ph-BTBT-10 concurrently regulates morphology and enhances electrical properties by forming expanded charge-transport networks.
This approach presents a new strategy for advancing OSC performance, achieving record efficiencies for binary systems.