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Preliminary Efficacy of Face-to-Face, Telerehabilitation, and Home Program-Based Task-Oriented Circuit Training on
Ceyhun Turkmen1, Aysenur Karakus2, Seyma Yilmaz3
1Ceyhun Turkmen, PT, PhD, is Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Uluyazı Campus, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey.
Importance:
Task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) is a structured intervention to enhance older adults' cognitive and motor functions. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of TOCT delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods remain unclear.
Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of TOCT delivered through different modalities on cognitive and motor functions in older adults.
Design:
A randomized feasibility study.
Setting:
A state-operated skilled nursing facility in Turkey that provides daily-living assistance with on-site medical coverage for emergencies.
Participants:
Fifty-four older adults (ages ≥65 yr). Inclusion criteria included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores >18. Adults with moderate or severe impairment (MMSE scores ≤18) were excluded.
Intervention:
Participants were randomly assigned to face-to-face, telerehabilitation, or home-based TOCT. They engaged in structured TOCT activities to improve joint protection, memory, attention, and fine motor skills. Sessions were delivered for 60 min daily for 2 wk. Pre- and postintervention assessments were conducted.
Outcomes And Measures:
Assessments included the MMSE, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Nine-Hole Peg Test, and subscales of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.
Results:
Face-to-face TOCT showed the greatest cognitive improvements (MMSE: d = 1.52), whereas telerehabilitation improved energy and vitality levels (d = 0.91) and social functioning (d = 1.41). Home-based training showed the smallest improvements overall.
Conclusions And Relevance:
TOCT through face-to-face and telerehabilitation methods effectively improved cognitive and motor functions. Face-to-face training yielded the greatest cognitive benefits, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced quality of life. Home-based interventions had limited impact. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and refine home-based programs. Plain-Language Summary: As people age, cognitive and motor skills decline, making daily activities harder. This study examined task-oriented circuit training, a structured program delivered through face-to-face, telerehabilitation, and home-based methods. Face-to-face training showed the greatest cognitive improvements, whereas telerehabilitation enhanced energy and vitality levels and social participation. Home-based programs had minimal benefits. These findings support remote task-oriented circuit training as a viable option, although further research is needed to improve home-based interventions.
