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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

269

van der Waals devices for surface-sensitive experiments.

Nicolai Taufertshöfer1,2, Corinna Burri1,3, Rok Venturini1

  • 1PSI Center for Photon Science, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. simon.gerber@psi.ch.

Nanoscale
|August 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new stencil lithography method to create pristine van der Waals devices for advanced characterization. This technique enables reliable electrical contacts and clean surfaces for surface-sensitive probes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Surface-sensitive characterization of van der Waals (vdW) devices is crucial for understanding phase transitions and electronic states.
  • Integrating vdW materials into devices while preserving surface integrity for combined experiments remains a significant challenge.
  • Conventional lithography methods often introduce surface contamination, hindering advanced spectroscopic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel stencil lithography technique for fabricating vdW devices with pristine surfaces.
  • To enable combined electrical transport and surface-sensitive measurements on vdW materials.
  • To overcome limitations of conventional lithography in vdW device fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Resist-free stencil lithography using a shadow mask for patterning electrical contacts.
  • Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) fabrication environment.
  • Gold-assisted exfoliation for obtaining thin vdW flakes down to the single-layer regime.
  • Fabrication of 1T-TaS2 devices for demonstration.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of micron-scale electrical contacts on vdW flakes.
  • Demonstrated exfoliation of thin flakes down to the single-layer limit.
  • Achieved reliable contacts for electrical pulsing and resistance measurements on 1T-TaS2 devices.
  • Maintained clean surfaces suitable for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

Conclusions:

  • The stencil lithography approach provides a viable platform for fabricating vdW devices with high-quality surfaces.
  • This method facilitates in-operando studies of vdW systems using surface-sensitive techniques.
  • Enables detailed investigation of electronic properties and phase transitions in vdW materials within functional device architectures.