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Characteristics of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Tracheal Scaffolds Implanted In Vivo.

Young Su Yu1, Do Hyun Kim2, Sun Hwa Park2

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
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Medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds show better mechanical properties and tissue regeneration than research-grade PCL for tracheal defects. However, medical-grade PCL degrades faster in vivo, necessitating careful material selection for 3D-printed implants.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • 3D printing of polycaprolactone (PCL) shows potential for patient-specific tracheal constructs.
  • Limited comparative studies exist on PCL grades in animal models for tracheal applications.
  • This study compares research-grade (RG) and medical-grade (MG) PCL scaffolds in rabbit tracheal defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the mechanical properties of RG and MG PCL scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the tissue reconstruction capabilities of RG and MG PCL scaffolds.
  • To assess the in vivo degradation and molecular weight changes of PCL scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Extrusion-based 3D printing used to create customized PCL scaffolds.
  • Scaffolds implanted into rabbit tracheal defect models for six months.
Keywords:
3D printingMechanical propertiesMolecular weightPolycaprolactoneTracheal scaffold

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  • Mechanical testing, endoscopic analysis, tissue staining, and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) used for evaluation.

    • Main Results:

    • MG PCL scaffolds exhibited superior ultimate stress, strain, and mucosal tissue regeneration compared to RG PCL.
    • MG PCL scaffolds showed more rapid degradation, evidenced by decreased molecular weight and stress post-transplantation.
    • Gamma sterilization did not impact PCL molecular weight, confirming its suitability for implant processing.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant differences exist between RG and MG PCL scaffolds in mechanical properties and tissue integration.
    • Thorough evaluation of PCL properties is crucial before animal studies or clinical trials.
    • Material grade selection impacts the predictability of experimental outcomes in tracheal reconstruction.