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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
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A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Leah Talbert1,2, Whitney Allen1,3, Anna Wheeler1

  • 1Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-B) increased the LF/HF ratio in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), indicating potential baroreflex engagement. While cognitive and emotional improvements were seen in both groups, HRV-B specifically enhanced depression reduction in TBI patients.

Keywords:
BiofeedbackConcussionHeart rate variability (HRV)Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently causes autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, marked by reduced heart rate variability (HRV).
  • This ANS dysfunction may negatively impact cognitive functions following TBI.
  • Investigating interventions to restore ANS balance is crucial for TBI recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-B) in improving resting HRV and stress recovery in individuals with TBI.
  • To explore the relationship between HRV changes and physical symptoms, emotional well-being, and cognitive performance.
  • To compare HRV-B with a sham control condition in a TBI population.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-eight participants with TBI were randomized into HRV-B or sham control groups, attending five weekly sessions.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) metrics including HF, LF, LF/HF ratio, SDNN, and RMSSD were measured using electrocardiography.
  • Cognitive, emotional, and physical outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • The HRV-B group demonstrated a significantly higher LF/HF ratio at rest and during stress recovery compared to the sham group.
  • A group-by-session interaction indicated a progressive increase in the LF/HF ratio over time in the HRV-B group.
  • While both groups showed cognitive improvements, only the HRV-B group exhibited a greater reduction in depression symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • HRV-B may enhance autonomic regulation, specifically baroreflex activity, in individuals with TBI.
  • The intervention shows promise for improving emotional well-being, particularly depression, in the TBI population.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and long-term effects of HRV-B in TBI.