Association Between SARS-COV-2 Infection and Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Virology
• Genetics

Background:

• SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to impact male reproductive health.
• Previous studies suggest potential effects on sperm quality parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF).
• To quantify the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in sperm DNA integrity.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases for studies published between January 2019 and January 2025.
• Seven high-quality studies were included in a meta-analysis using a random effects model.
• Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed using various methods, including TUNEL, flow cytometry, and SCD tests.

Main Results:

• A statistically significant increase in SDF was observed post-COVID-19 infection (WMD = 12.558, 95% CI: 4.482 to 20.635).
• The meta-analysis suggests a reduction in sperm DNA integrity 2-3 months after infection.
• High heterogeneity was noted across all testing methods, with the TUNEL test showing the lowest.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 infection is associated with increased sperm DNA fragmentation.
• High heterogeneity in the included studies necessitates cautious interpretation of the findings.
• Further research considering participant characteristics and infection status is recommended.