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Complex Microphthalmia in Three Central Asian Shepherd Dogs.

Reza Azargoun¹, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Asl², Shokoufa Deldar¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Veterinary Medicine and Science

|August 19, 2025

Summary

This study details complex microphthalmia and congenital ectopia lentis in Central Asian Shepherd puppies. These congenital eye malformations highlight the need for breeding screening to prevent genetic conditions.

Keywords:

canine cataract ectopia lentis microphthalmos ophthalmology

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Ophthalmology
Canine Genetics

Background:

Congenital eye malformations are rare, with limited documentation in specific dog breeds.
This report focuses on Central Asian Shepherd dogs, a breed with no prior evidence of such conditions.

Observation:

Three 2-month-old female puppies presented with bilateral, sunken, and small eyes.
Ophthalmological examination revealed abnormalities consistent with microphthalmia.

Findings:

Ultrasonography showed increased lens thickness and decreased axial globe length compared to healthy controls.
Lenses were abnormally positioned within the vitreous chamber, displaced perpendicularly to their natural axis.

Implications:

Diagnosed with bilateral complex microphthalmia and congenital ectopia lentis, of unknown etiology.
Potential links to inbreeding, environmental, and genetic factors suggest the need for selective breeding and pre-breeding screening to mitigate these ocular malformations.