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New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus Following Pancreatic Injury: A Systematic Review.
V P C van Zon1, M C Tol2, P Krijnen1
1Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
World Journal of Surgery
|August 19, 2025
Summary
Pancreatic trauma can lead to new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) in 5.7% of cases. High-grade injuries and surgical treatment increase this risk, highlighting the importance of monitoring endocrine outcomes after pancreatic trauma.
Area of Science:
- Trauma Surgery
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Pancreatic trauma is a rare condition, comprising only 0.2% of all trauma cases.
- Long-term endocrine outcomes following pancreatic trauma are not well-documented.
- Pancreatic resection is a known risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) after pancreatic trauma.
- To identify factors influencing the rates of DM following pancreatic trauma.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase.
- Studies published between 1990 and July 2025 were included.
- Studies reporting new-onset DM in patients with pancreatic trauma were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Six studies involving 297 patients with pancreatic trauma were identified.
- The overall cumulative incidence of new-onset DM was 5.7%.
- Higher incidence of DM was observed in patients with high-grade injuries (11.1%) and those undergoing pancreatic resection (8.2%) compared to low-grade injuries (5.5%) and nonoperative management (2.9%).
Conclusions:
- The estimated incidence of DM following pancreatic trauma is 5.7%.
- High-grade pancreatic injuries and surgical intervention appear to elevate the risk of developing new-onset DM.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term endocrine sequelae of pancreatic trauma.
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