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Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

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Rheological Behavior of Colloidal Silica Dispersion: Irreversible Aging and Thixotropy.

Vivek Kumar¹, Yogesh M Joshi¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|August 19, 2025

Summary

This study reveals that silica nanoparticle dispersions exhibit physical aging, with properties like relaxation time and yield stress evolving over time. Aging becomes irreversible over days, impacting the material's soft solid-like behavior.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Colloid Science
Rheology

Background:

Colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles exhibit complex rheological behaviors.
Physical aging significantly influences the time-dependent properties of soft materials.
Understanding nanoparticle dispersion aging is crucial for material design and application.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the rheological properties and physical aging of charge-screened silica nanoparticle dispersions.
To characterize the time evolution of elastic modulus, relaxation time, and yield stress after shear melting.
To explore the reversibility and irreversibility of physical aging in these systems.

Main Methods:

Rheological measurements were performed on silica nanoparticle dispersions.
Shear melting was applied to induce and study physical aging.
A time-dependent Maxwell framework was used to develop a thixotropic structural kinetic model.

Main Results:

The dispersion showed characteristics of physical aging, including evolving elastic modulus, relaxation time, and yield stress.
Relaxation time increased non-linearly with time, indicating hyperaging.
Aging effects were reversible on short timescales (hours) but became irreversible over longer durations (days).

Conclusions:

The rheological behavior is well-captured by a thixotropic structural kinetic model.
Physical aging in silica dispersions demonstrates a transition from reversible to irreversible behavior.
The findings provide insights into the long-term stability and response of nanoparticle-based soft materials.