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Emotional Distress in Patients With Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Yu-Chi Li1, Shu-Ching Ma2,3, Hsiu-Hung Wang1

  • 1School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

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Summary

Emotional distress in cancer patients is linked to advanced stage, recurrence, and chemotherapy. The Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) effectively identifies psychological issues like depression and suicidal ideation.

Keywords:
cancer patientdemoralizationdepressionemotional distresslow dignity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Emotional distress is a significant concern in cancer care and an accreditation criterion for cancer centers.
  • Effective assessment and treatment of emotional distress are crucial skills for healthcare professionals.
  • This study addresses the need for reliable tools to evaluate emotional distress in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with emotional distress in cancer patients.
  • To establish cutoff points for the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) to detect psychological problems and psychiatric disorders.
  • To enhance the early identification and management of emotional distress in oncology settings.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 400 cancer patients was conducted from August 2021 to April 2022.
  • The 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) was used to measure emotional distress.
  • Data were collected using questionnaires on demographics, dignity, demoralization, and depression; analyzed with t tests, ANOVA, correlation, and ROC curves.

Main Results:

  • Emotional distress significantly correlated with cancer stage (Stage IV), disease characteristics (recurrence), and treatment phase (chemotherapy).
  • The BSRS-5 demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in identifying low dignity, demoralization, depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), and suicidal ideation.
  • An aggregate BSRS-5 score of 3.5 or higher effectively indicated psychological distress and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional distress in cancer patients is associated with demographic and disease-related factors, particularly advanced stage, recurrence, and chemotherapy.
  • Healthcare professionals should prioritize screening for emotional distress in patients with these characteristics.
  • Regular use of brief, reliable tools like the BSRS-5 is recommended for early detection of psychological problems and psychiatric disorders in cancer patients.