Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.9K

Longitudinal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study in Young Children With Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes Followed in

Aveni Haynes1,2, Grant J Smith1, Alexandra Tully1

  • 1Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.

Diabetes Care
|August 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes shows high variability. Further research is needed to interpret these important glucose metrics.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease affecting children.
  • Presymptomatic T1D can be identified through islet autoantibodies.
  • Early monitoring of glucose trends is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze longitudinal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in young children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes.
  • To characterize glucose variability and trends before clinical diagnosis.
  • To assess the utility of CGM in early-stage T1D research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized blinded CGM assessments every 3-6 months in children from the Australian ENDIA study with multiple islet autoantibodies.
  • Analyzed CGM-derived metrics including SD sensor glucose, coefficient of variation, mean sensor glucose, and time above 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).
  • Data collected between 2021 and 2024, correlating metrics with time from islet autoantibody detection.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 178 CGM assessments from 36 children (median age 4.5 years at first assessment).
  • Observed significant within-person variability in serial CGM metrics, such as percent CGM time >7.8 mmol/L (ICC 0.30).
  • Data highlights challenges in interpreting CGM in this pediatric cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Significant within-person variability in CGM metrics was found in young children with presymptomatic T1D.
  • Further research is required to establish reliable interpretation guidelines for CGM data in this population.
  • CGM shows potential for monitoring but requires context for clinical application in early T1D.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

15.6K
A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases06:50

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2020

2.7K

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.9K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.2K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
687
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.2K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
257
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
32.4K