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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

722
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
722
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

383
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
383
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

827
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
827
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

291
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
291
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.1K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

752
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
752

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Attochemical Control of Nuclear Motion despite Fast Electronic Decoherence.

Lina Fransén1, Sandra Gómez2, Morgane Vacher1

  • 1Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.

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Ultrafast electronic coherences in molecules, though brief, can drive persistent nuclear motion. This discovery impacts attochemistry and understanding molecular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Dynamics
  • Molecular Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Attosecond and femtosecond pulses create molecular electronic coherences.
  • Charge migration describes ultrafast electron oscillations.
  • The influence of short-lived electronic dynamics on nuclear motion is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if brief electronic coherences can affect longer-timescale nuclear rearrangements.
  • To simulate coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in ethylene.

Main Methods:

  • Full-dimensional quantum dynamics simulations.
  • Modeling ionization and coherent excitation of ethylene.
  • Analyzing electron and vibrational coherences.

Main Results:

  • Electronic coherences in ethylene exhibit half-lives under 1 femtosecond.
  • These short-lived electronic coherences induce vibrational coherences lasting over 50 femtoseconds.
  • Derivative coupling vectors are key pathways for this influence.

Conclusions:

  • Short-lived electronic coherences can have lasting effects on molecular nuclear motion.
  • Findings are crucial for interpreting attosecond experimental data.
  • Potential for developing attochemical control strategies is highlighted.