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Engineering Nanoparticles for Gynecologic Cancer Therapy.

Amanda M Murray¹, Kelsey L Swingle¹, Michael J Mitchell^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

|August 19, 2025

Summary

Nanoparticles offer promising new treatments for gynecologic cancers like ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. This review details nanoparticle delivery strategies and challenges for overcoming drug resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:

active targeting cervical cancer chemoresistance gynecologic cancers immunotherapy nanoparticles nucleic acids ovarian cancer passive targeting

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Gynecologic cancers (ovarian, cervical, endometrial) present significant global health challenges due to high morbidity and mortality.
Late-stage diagnosis, metastasis, multidrug resistance, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments limit traditional treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic modality for gynecologic cancers.
To analyze nanoparticle drug delivery challenges and engineered solutions specific to gynecologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical studies on nanoparticle drug delivery platforms (liposomes, ionizable lipid nanoparticles, layer-by-layer nanoparticles).
Analysis of nanoparticle applications in delivering nucleic acids and immunotherapies.
Examination of strategies to overcome gynecologic cancer-specific delivery barriers.

Main Results:

Engineered nanoparticles demonstrate preclinical efficacy in targeting tumor cells and enhancing retention.
Nanoparticle-delivered nucleic acids and immunotherapies show potential to re-activate antitumor immune responses.
Strategies are being developed to address toxicity, peritoneal fluid dynamics, fibrosis, and immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

Nanoparticle-based therapies hold significant promise for treating gynecologic cancers, particularly in overcoming drug resistance and immune evasion.
Further optimization of nanoparticle design and rigorous clinical translation are crucial for widespread application.
Addressing disease-specific delivery challenges is key to realizing the full therapeutic potential of nanomedicine in gynecologic oncology.