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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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Transcript and temporal-specific RNA nucleotide editing technologies.

Rushdhi Rauff1, Chanjuan Dong1, Shiva Ayyar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing new tools to precisely control RNA modifications, enabling a deeper understanding of gene regulation. These advanced technologies overcome limitations of earlier methods for studying epitranscriptomics.

Keywords:
A-to-I editingAntisenseCIRTSCRISPRChemically induced proximityEpigeneticsRNAm5Cm6A

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Modified RNA nucleotides play crucial roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
  • Investigating epitranscriptomic regulation traditionally involved altering RNA editing enzyme expression.
  • Global modification changes obscure site-specific effects of individual RNA changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current spatiotemporal controlled RNA nucleotide editing technologies.
  • To highlight novel tools for precise RNA modification control.
  • To address limitations in studying site-specific epitranscriptomic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging RNA modification editing tools.
  • Discussion of technologies utilizing CRISPR, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), chemical ligands, and light.
  • Focus on tools enabling precise temporal and spatial control of RNA editing.

Main Results:

  • Novel RNA editing tools offer selective targeting of RNA editing enzymes to specific sites.
  • These tools allow for precise temporal control over RNA modifications.
  • CRISPR, ASOs, chemical ligands, and light-based methods are key technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Spatiotemporal controlled RNA editing technologies are advancing the study of epitranscriptomics.
  • These tools enable detailed investigation of individual RNA modifications' effects.
  • Precise control facilitates a deeper understanding of gene regulation.