Diving behaviour and physiology of the Korean Haenyeo

J Chris McKnight ¹, Bateman Solms ¹, Matthew Jensen ²

⁰Sea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8YG, Scotland, UK.

Current Biology : Cb +

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August 19, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

The Haenyeo, female divers from East Asia, spend more time underwater than any known human or mammal. These exceptional divers do not show the typical mammalian dive response, suggesting unique physiological adaptations.

Area Of Science

Human physiology
Marine biology
Anthropology

Background

East Asian breath-hold diving cultures have a long history, with potential genetic adaptations for diving.
The Haenyeo, an all-female diving group, represent an extraordinary population with exceptional diving abilities.
Limited data exists on the natural diving behavior and physiological responses of these populations.

Purpose Of The Study

To assess the fine-scale diving behaviors of Haenyeo divers during natural harvest dives.
To investigate the physiological responses of Haenyeo divers during these dives.
To compare Haenyeo diving capacity and responses with those of semi-aquatic and marine mammals.

Main Methods

Observational study of Haenyeo divers during their natural activities.
Detailed recording of diving behaviors, including time spent underwater.
Monitoring of physiological responses, specifically cardiovascular changes associated with diving.

Main Results

Haenyeo divers achieve the highest proportion of time underwater among all humans.
Their underwater time exceeds that of many semi-aquatic mammals and is comparable to some marine mammals.
Contrary to expectations, Haenyeo divers do not exhibit a pronounced cardiovascular dive response.

Conclusions

The Haenyeo possess unparalleled human diving capabilities.
Their physiological responses to breath-hold diving are distinct from the classic mammalian dive response.
Further research into Haenyeo physiology may reveal novel adaptations for extreme environments.