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Related Concept Videos

Stimulants01:29

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Exposure to electronic cigarettes impairs vascular and microvascular function.

Fatma Betul Celik1, Tugce Irgi1, Tolga Sinan Guvenc2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.

International Journal of Cardiology
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Both e-cigarette and tobacco use impair vascular and microvascular function, with acute exposure worsening these effects. This study highlights potential risks associated with e-cigarette use on cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Coronary flow reserveEndothelial dysfunctionMicrovascular dysfunctionSmoking devicesTobacco smokingVascular stiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Smoking Cessation Research

Background:

  • E-cigarette use is rising, often perceived as safer than traditional smoking.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding e-cigarettes' impact on vascular health.
  • This study investigates differences in vascular/microvascular function between e-cigarette and tobacco smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare markers of vascular and microvascular function between e-cigarette users, tobacco smokers, and never-smokers.
  • To assess the acute effects of e-cigarette and tobacco use on these markers.
  • To elucidate the specific impact of e-cigarettes on vascular health compared to traditional smoking.

Main Methods:

  • 108 participants: 39 e-cigarette users, 39 tobacco smokers, 30 never-smokers.
  • Measurements included coronary flow reserve (CFR), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and pulse wave velocity (PWV).
  • Vascular function was assessed before and after acute exposure to smoking or e-cigarette use.

Main Results:

  • Baseline CFR was lower in both user groups compared to controls.
  • Acute e-cigarette exposure significantly decreased CFR and increased PWV.
  • Acute tobacco smoking significantly decreased CFR and FMD.

Conclusions:

  • Both e-cigarette and tobacco users exhibit baseline coronary microvascular dysfunction.
  • Acute exposure to either e-cigarettes or tobacco exacerbates vascular and microvascular dysfunction.
  • Findings suggest e-cigarettes may pose similar risks to vascular health as traditional smoking.