Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

6.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
6.2K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

572
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
572
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

517
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
517
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

965
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
965
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

762
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
762
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

311
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
311

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three-photon imaging of hippocampal neurogenesis through the intact mouse brain.

Research square·2026
Same author

Precise, predictable genome integrations by deep-learning-assisted design of microhomology-based templates.

Nature biotechnology·2025
Same author

Impaired vasopressin neuromodulation of the lateral septum leads to social behavior deficits in Shank3B<sup>+/-</sup> male mice.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Brain-wide microstrokes affect the stability of memory circuits in the hippocampus.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Spike rate inference from mouse spinal cord calcium imaging data.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A distinct hypothalamus-habenula circuit governs risk preference.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.3K

Coordinated multi-level adaptations across neocortical areas during task learning.

Shuting Han1,2,3, Fritjof Helmchen4,5,6

  • 1Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. han@hifo.uzh.ch.

Nature Communications
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural activity adapts across brain areas during learning. Coordinated changes in single neurons and populations refine sensory processing and decision-making, improving task performance.

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.3K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding coordinated neural activity across brain regions during learning is crucial.
  • Neural plasticity underlies learning, but its multi-area dynamics remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate coordinated neural adaptations in the neocortex during a sensory discrimination task.
  • To reveal how single-neuron and population activity changes contribute to learning.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-area two-photon calcium imaging in mouse neocortex.
  • Training mice on a sensory discrimination task.
  • Analyzing neural activity at single-neuron and population levels.

Main Results:

  • Task learning induced coordinated adaptations in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC).
  • Single neurons showed increased task-related activity and stabilized responses.
  • Population activity decreased in dimensionality and trial-to-trial variability, enhancing task information encoding.
  • PPC engagement increased, creating new subspaces for S1 interactions, which aligned with task encoding.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-level adaptations within and across cortical areas are essential for learning.
  • These adaptations refine sensory processing and decision-making.
  • Behavioral errors are linked to reduced encoding accuracy and subspace misalignment.