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Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are called...
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types01:01

Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types

Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

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Analytical greenness metrics for metabolomics.

Ren-Qi Wang1, Yun Wang2, Juan-Na Song2

  • 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China. wangrq@sust.edu.cn.

Metabolomics : Official Journal of the Metabolomic Society
|August 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE) was applied to assess metabolomics methods. Results highlight offline sample preparation and lack of automation as key areas for improving the sustainability of metabolomics research.

Keywords:
Green analytical chemistryGreenness metricsMass spectrometryMetabolomicsNMR

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Metabolomics
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Metabolomics research faces challenges in metabolite qualification and quantitation.
  • High energy consumption and waste generation necessitate greenness metrics for sustainable development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE) for assessing metabolomics methods.
  • To dissect analytical protocols of 16 metabolomics studies (9 targeted, 7 untargeted).

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of analytical protocols from 16 state-of-the-art metabolomics studies.
  • Rational estimation of detailed greenness parameters for each procedure.
  • Application of the AGREE calculator to quantify analytical greenness.

Main Results:

  • AGREE metrics identified key weaknesses in the greenness of current metabolomics research.
  • Offline sample preparation, lack of automation, and miniaturization were highlighted as critical areas.
  • Complexity of sample preparation, toxic reagents, waste generation, and sample throughput impact sustainability.

Conclusions:

  • Guidelines for sustainable practices in metabolomics were provided.
  • Addressing identified weaknesses is crucial for enhancing the sustainability of metabolomics.
  • Future metabolomics research should prioritize automation, miniaturization, and greener sample preparation techniques.