Artifacts in Urodynamic Studies: A Narrative Review

Urodynamic studies (UDS) are integral to the evaluation and management of lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, artifacts are frequently encountered, affecting both clinical interpretation and research reliability.

This expert narrative review examines the prevalence, classification, and clinical relevance of artifacts encountered during UDS, based on findings from the existing literature.

A focused literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that reported data on the sources and impact of UDS artifacts, particularly from the patient perspective. Emphasis was placed on identifying both technical and patient-related contributors to artifact generation.

Artifacts are common in UDS despite adherence to Good Urodynamic Practices recommended by the International Continence Society. Technical artifacts may stem from equipment-related issues such as calibration errors, catheter displacement, and device variability. Patient-related artifacts can arise from physical movement or test-induced detrusor overactivity. These artifacts may lead to misinterpretation, misdiagnosis, and inappropriate interventions in clinical practice. Furthermore, they may affect the validity of research findings related to diagnostic tools for lower urinary tract symptoms.

Identifying and addressing UDS artifacts during the procedure or in post-test interpretation is critical for accurate clinical decision-making and reliable research outcomes. Efforts to minimize artifacts should be prioritized to improve the quality and utility of UDS.