Dual Evaluation and Spatial Analysis of RF-EMF Exposure in 5G: Theoretical Extrapolations and Direct Measurements

Area of Science:

• Bioelectromagnetics
• Telecommunications Engineering
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure is a growing concern with the expansion of 5G networks.
• Understanding exposure levels in urban and semiurban environments is crucial for public health and safety assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate RF-EMF exposure levels associated with 5G networks.
• To compare theoretical estimations with direct measurements of RF-EMF exposure.
• To assess compliance with international safety guidelines (ICNIRP) in diverse environments.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a dual approach combining theoretical extrapolations and direct measurements using personal exposimeters and an R&S TSME6 scanner.
• Conducted measurements in semiurban and urban environments on the Polytechnic University of Valencia campus under active 5G traffic.
• Employed Kriging interpolation in ArcGIS for spatial visualization of RF-EMF distribution.

Main Results:

• Both extrapolated theoretical RF-EMF values and direct measurements aligned with ICNIRP recommended limits.
• Exposure levels remained within safety guidelines even under high data demand scenarios.
• A strong correlation was observed between theoretical and instantaneous exposure measurements, validating the methodology.

Conclusions:

• The study validates the safety of current 5G infrastructure concerning electromagnetic exposure.
• The applied methodology provides a robust framework for assessing RF-EMF exposure in various environments.
• Continuous monitoring is essential for ensuring public safety during telecommunications infrastructure deployment.