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Kinematic Equations - I

Kinematic Equations - I

When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:

Kinematic Equations - II

Kinematic Equations - II

The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...

Kinematic Equations - III

Kinematic Equations - III

The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
Using the kinematic equations,...

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...

Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II

Simplification of a Force and Couple System: II

In a three-dimensional system, multiple forces can act on an object. These forces can be combined into a single equivalent force, known as the resultant force. Similarly, the moments generated by these forces can be combined into a single equivalent moment, the resultant couple moment. In certain situations, these two entities may not be mutually perpendicular, meaning they do not have a 90-degree angle between them. This unique condition requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

[Integrated Dynamics of Kinetic and Kinematic Control in Hand Grip Function: Postural and Visual Effects].

Bernardo Figueira Althoff¹, João Carlos Nakamoto¹, Mateus Saito¹

¹Intituto Vita, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Revista Brasileira De Ortopedia

|August 20, 2025

Summary

Visual feedback and wrist posture significantly impact hand grip strength and movement control in healthy adults. These findings highlight the importance of proprioception and postural adjustments for hand function and recovery.

Keywords:

feedback movement wrist

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Measurement of Spatial Stability in Precision Grip

Published on: June 4, 2020

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Human Factors Engineering

Context:

Understanding the intricate control mechanisms of human hand function is crucial for rehabilitation and assistive technology development.
Previous research has explored various aspects of grip control, but the combined influence of visual feedback and wrist posture requires further objective data.
This study investigates the kinetic and kinematic control of gripper function under different visual and postural conditions.

Purpose:

To objectively interpret the kinetic and kinematic control of gripper function.
To analyze the influence of visual feedback and wrist posture (neutral vs. 45° flexion) on pinch grip tasks.
To establish correlations between movement/strength differences and specific task parameters.

Summary:

Thirty-four healthy young adults performed pinch grip tasks with varying wrist postures and visual feedback conditions.
Significant correlations were found between movement and strength differences and pulp-to-pulp distance, as well as visual feedback and wrist posture.
Specific correlations were observed between movement and strength differences in neutral posture without visual feedback and flexed posture with visual feedback.

Impact:

Visual feedback and wrist posture are key modulators of grip strength and movement control in healthy adults.
Findings underscore the interconnectedness of neural control mechanisms governing hand function.
Results have implications for designing targeted rehabilitation strategies and clinical assessments to optimize functional recovery and proprioception.