Surgical Management of a Case of Frontoparietal Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, benign bone developmental disorder that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Cranial bones are rarely involved. The definitive treatment for craniofacial FD in adults is complete resection and reconstruction. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with a painless, gradually enlarging scalp swelling in the left frontoparietal region for 10 years. Clinical evaluation showed no neurological deficits or signs of intracranial hypertension. Imaging, including CT and MRI, indicated diploe hypertrophy and a benign large diploic space lesion without intracranial complications. She underwent a craniectomy for mass removal with cranioplasty. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of FD. The outcome was favorable, with no recurrence at the one-year follow-up. FD is a rare, benign bone disorder characterized by abnormal fibrous tissue replacing normal bone, resulting in weakness and an increased risk of fracture. It can affect various intracranial locations, including the skull bones, the skull base, and the paranasal sinuses. Lesions in the cranial vault may result in visible deformities or functional issues. Diagnosis is based on radiological and histopathological findings, with bone biopsy being the preferred test. Management is primarily conservative, but surgery is indicated for functional preservation and complication prevention.