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VO: The Vaccine Ontology
Jie Zheng1, Asiyah Yu Lin1, Anthony Huffman1
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|August 20, 2025
Summary
The Vaccine Ontology (VO) standardizes vaccine information for research and clinical use. This community-driven resource enhances data analysis and supports artificial intelligence in vaccine development.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Bioinformatics
- Ontology Engineering
Background:
- Standardization of vaccine data is crucial for research and clinical applications.
- Existing vaccine information is diverse and difficult to integrate across different types.
- Computer-assisted reasoning requires structured and standardized vaccine representations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and present the Vaccine Ontology (VO) as a standardized resource for vaccine information.
- To model vaccines, their components, immune responses, and related studies.
- To facilitate data integration and computer-assisted reasoning in vaccine research.
Main Methods:
- Developed the community-based Vaccine Ontology (VO) since 2007.
- Aligned VO with the Basic Formal Ontology and OBO Foundry principles.
- Modeled vaccines, components, immune responses, and studies, including over 10,000 vaccines and mappings to external resources.
Main Results:
- VO represents over 10,000 vaccines for human and animal health, targeting pathogens and cancers.
- Provides mappings to external databases like RxNorm, CVX, FDA, and USDA.
- Facilitates standardization in databases such as VIOLIN, ImmPort, and VAC.
Conclusions:
- VO standardizes vaccine modeling and representation, supporting data integration and analysis.
- Enhances experimental and clinical vaccine data analysis and literature mining.
- Significantly supports vaccine artificial intelligence research in the Semantic Web era.
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