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Ethical Muscle: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Validation.

Heungsik Park1, John Blenkinsopp2, Jun Ki Lee3

  • 1Department of Public Service, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-Gu, South Korea.

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This study conceptualized and validated a new scale to measure ethical muscle, a key competency. The developed 15-item scale, comprising moral courage, ethical knowledge, duty orientation, and morality, demonstrates reliability and validity.

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Ethical muscleethical competency frameworkscale developmentscale validation

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Ethics
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Ethical decision-making is crucial in public service.
  • A standardized measure for ethical muscle is lacking.
  • Competency frameworks offer a structured approach to defining professional attributes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize ethical muscle.
  • To develop and validate a scale measuring ethical muscle.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the new scale.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and competency framework development.
  • Qualitative interviews (N=20) and Delphi method with experts (N=22).
  • Quantitative survey (N=544) with factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and a replication study (N=213).

Main Results:

  • Conceptualization of ethical muscle using a competency framework.
  • Development of a 15-item, four-factor ethical muscle scale.
  • Validation of the scale, demonstrating strong reliability and validity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ethical muscle scale is a reliable and valid instrument.
  • The scale comprises four key dimensions: moral courage, ethical knowledge, duty orientation, and morality.
  • This scale can be used to assess and enhance ethical competencies in public employees.