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Multicentered Biospecimen Analyses after 4 Gy Sublethal Total Body Irradiation in Rhesus Macaques.

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Accurate radiation biodosimetry is crucial for emergency medical triage. This study integrated multiple omics data from biospecimens to identify 61 common biomarkers for acute radiation injury, improving future dose assessment efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Biomarker discovery
  • Medical countermeasures

Background:

  • Accurate biodosimetry is critical for effective medical response during radiological emergencies.
  • Current methods for dose estimation have limitations in certainty and timely application.
  • Individual biodosimetry assessments can significantly improve patient triage and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate multi-omics data from various biospecimens to identify robust biomarkers for radiation exposure.
  • To evaluate the utility of different biospecimens and time points for biodosimetry.
  • To discover common pathways and biomarkers relevant to acute radiation injury.

Main Methods:

  • Collected blood, plasma, serum, feces, saliva, and urine from rhesus macaques post-irradiation (4 Gy 60Co γ rays).
  • Performed hematology, gene, protein, metabolite, microRNA (miRNA) expression, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomics analyses.
  • Integrated data from multiple omics platforms and time points (up to 60 days post-exposure).

Main Results:

  • Identified 40 unique miRNAs with significant expression changes post-irradiation.
  • Fecal metabolomics revealed alterations in steroid hormone and bile acid synthesis pathways.
  • Temporal changes in gut microbiome composition and richness were observed.
  • Discovered 61 common biomarkers across 4 omics platforms, enriched for hematopoietic system injury pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-omics data integration from accessible biospecimens provides a comprehensive approach to radiation biodosimetry.
  • The identified common biomarkers and enriched pathways offer potential for improved acute radiation injury assessment.
  • This collaborative study highlights the value of diverse analytical techniques for biodosimetry efforts.