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Defect Suppression in Triple-Cation Perovskites via Zwitterionic Choline Bitartrate for Scalable High-Efficiency

Peng Gao1,2, YongGang Guo2, Linfeng Ye2

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems of Shaanxi Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic choline bitartrate stabilizes perovskite solar cells by passivating defects and suppressing ion migration. This additive achieves high efficiency and excellent scalability for durable, high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.

Keywords:
choline bitartratedefect suppressiongrain boundariesscalablezwitterionic

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