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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cancer represents a major global health challenge, with India facing a high burden of disease.
  • Accurate, up-to-date cancer statistics are crucial for evaluating disease impact and the efficacy of control interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent cancer incidence and mortality trends in India between 2015 and 2019.
  • To provide updated cancer incidence and mortality estimates for India in 2024.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing data from 43 population-based cancer registries across India (2015-2019).
  • Analysis included incidence and mortality rates, age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR), and average annual percent change (AAPC).
  • Population data were sourced from the Census of India; data analysis occurred in 2024.

Main Results:

  • Over 708,000 cancer cases and 206,000 deaths were recorded. Lifetime cancer risk in India is 11.0%, with higher risks in specific regions like Mizoram.
  • The highest AAIR was observed in Aizawl district. Common cancers included oral, lung, prostate (males), and breast, cervical, ovarian (females).
  • Significant increases in oral cancer incidence were noted in several registries. Estimated 2024 incidence: 1,562,099 cases; mortality: 874,404 cases.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals substantial regional disparities and an increasing burden of cancer across India.
  • Findings underscore the need for enhanced resource allocation and strengthened national cancer control strategies to address these trends.