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Morphodynamic Foundations of Sumer.

Liviu Giosan^1,2,3, Reed Goodman^4,5,6

¹Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America.

|August 20, 2025

Summary

Ancient Sumer

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Area of Science:

Environmental History
Archaeology
Geomorphology

Background:

Sumerian economic origins and social complexity during the Uruk period are debated.
Traditional explanations for agricultural surpluses pre-irrigation are insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

To reconstruct the morphodynamic evolution of coastal Sumer.
To propose tidal irrigation as a mechanism for early agricultural surplus and urbanization.

Main Methods:

High-resolution satellite-based topography.
Paleoenvironmental proxies from a new drill core at Lagash/Tell Al Hiba.
Integration of existing geological and archaeological data.

Main Results:

Reconstructed the morphodynamic evolution of coastal Sumer.
Identified tidal irrigation as a plausible driver for early agriculture and urbanization.
Showcased the shift from tidal to fluvial irrigation systems with deltaic changes.

Conclusions:

Coastal morphodynamics played a pivotal role in Sumerian urbanization and political ecology.
Early Sumerian development was intricately linked to natural environmental systems and human adaptation.