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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Amorphous monolayer CuPd catalysts for selective semihydrogenation.

Haosen Yang^1,2, Bozhou Yan³, Yufeng Xue³

¹State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China.

Science Advances

|August 20, 2025

Summary

Amorphous nanomaterials offer superior catalytic performance due to their unique disordered structure. This study developed an amorphous copper-palladium (CuPd) catalyst, achieving high selectivity and conversion for enhanced catalytic applications.

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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Amorphous nanomaterials exhibit unique structural properties like disordered atomic arrangements and exposed active sites.
These properties enable exceptional catalytic performance, bridging homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
Crystalline catalysts often face limitations in activity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate an amorphous copper-palladium (CuPd) catalyst with engineered hydrogen transport pathways.
To investigate the impact of disordered atomic/electronic configuration on catalytic performance.
To establish a generalized design framework for high-performance amorphous catalysts.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of copper (Cu) ions into a disordered palladium (Pd) lattice.
Creation of an amorphous monolayer architecture.
Characterization of atomic/electronic configuration and hydrogen transport pathways.

Main Results:

The amorphous CuPd catalyst achieved 96.2% selectivity at 99.1% conversion under mild conditions.
High catalytic activity was demonstrated with a time of flight of 6004 hour⁻¹.
Optimized adsorption configuration and bonding strength between substrates and catalyst surfaces were observed.

Conclusions:

Amorphous architectures provide a generalized design framework for advanced catalysts.
Disordered atomic arrangements, uniformly distributed active sites, and tunable adsorption energetics are key to high performance.
Amorphous catalysts offer superior selectivity and activity compared to traditional crystalline systems.