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Related Concept Videos

Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

166
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
166
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

215
The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
215
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

116
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
116
Mass Concreting01:22

Mass Concreting

108
Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...
108
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

380
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
380
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

223
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
223

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Scalable metasurface-enhanced supercool cement.

Guo Lu1, Fengyin Du1,2, Zhen Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials for Major Infrastructure, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.

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|August 20, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel cooling cement for sustainable building cooling. This durable, high-performance material offers significant temperature reduction and a potential net-negative carbon footprint.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Technologies

Background:

  • Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials offer sustainable building cooling solutions.
  • Challenges exist in developing durable, scalable PDRC structural materials for civil engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a metasurface-enhanced cooling cement for practical civil engineering applications.
  • To address the limitations of current PDRC materials in terms of durability, deployment, and scalability.

Main Methods:

  • A universal, scalable pressure-driven fabrication strategy was employed during a low-carbon cement production process.
  • Metasurface enhancement was achieved through the self-assembly of reflective ettringites and hierarchical pores.
  • Material properties were characterized for solar reflectance, mid-infrared emissivity, strength, and resistance to harsh conditions.

Main Results:

  • The photonic-architectured cement achieved high solar reflectance (96.2%) and mid-infrared emissivity (96.0%).
  • A temperature drop of 5.4°C was recorded under midday conditions (850 W/m² solar intensity).
  • The cement demonstrated intrinsic high strength, abrasive resistance, and optical stability under various harsh exposures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cooling cement is a promising, durable, and scalable solution for sustainable building cooling.
  • The material exhibits excellent performance and resilience, suitable for demanding civil engineering applications.
  • A machine learning-guided life-cycle assessment suggests a potential net-negative carbon emission profile for this innovative material.