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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

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Using cyclic Hadamard masks for single-pixel quantum imaging under entangled photon illumination.

Shuhang Bie¹, Xiaoxi Tong¹, Ziyang Lv¹

¹School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Science Advances

|August 20, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel, cost-effective quantum imaging technique using a rotating mask and single-pixel detectors. This method simplifies quantum imaging, enabling high-speed, noise-resistant applications for light-sensitive structures.

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Photonics
Image processing

Background:

Quantum imaging offers unique capabilities for light-sensitive structures, but conventional systems are complex and expensive.
Existing quantum imaging setups often rely on intensified charge-coupled devices (ICCDs) and intricate triggering electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simplified, low-cost quantum imaging system.
To demonstrate high-speed and noise-resistant quantum imaging capabilities.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a quantum imaging approach utilizing a rotating mask with cyclic Hadamard patterns.
Employment of single-pixel detectors, eliminating the need for specialized ICCDs and complex electronics.
Utilizing time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) for noise-resistant performance evaluation with a 1-nanosecond gate time.

Main Results:

Successful single-pixel quantum imaging with a resolution of 41x43 pixels.
Achieved imaging speeds of up to 2 frames per second, with a spatial modulation rate of 3.8 kilohertz.
Demonstrated quantum ghost imaging with separate object and mask modulation, highlighting system versatility.

Conclusions:

The proposed system offers a high-speed, low-cost, and noise-resistant alternative for quantum imaging.
This approach broadens the accessibility and application range of quantum imaging technologies.
The rotating mask and single-pixel detector design significantly reduces system complexity and cost.