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Kin Recognition Systems and Their Role in Multicellular Behaviors.

Karin Yaniv¹, Karine A Gibbs¹

¹Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;

Annual Review of Microbiology

|August 20, 2025

Summary

Social microbes exhibit kin recognition to distinguish between related and unrelated individuals, crucial for collective behaviors like migration. Understanding this recognition offers insights into microbial evolution and social group control.

Keywords:

Dictyostelium discoideum Myxococcus xanthus Proteus mirabilis Trypanosoma brucei collective behavior kin discrimination surface migration

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology
Behavioral Ecology

Background:

Multicellular behaviors emerge from individual interactions within communities.
Microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, archaea, parasites) exhibit complex social behaviors for survival and dispersal.
Distinguishing between kin and nonkin is a critical interaction in social microbial collectives.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare kin recognition mechanisms in four microbial species exhibiting collective migration.
To identify shared themes and open questions in microbial kin recognition.
To explore the evolutionary history and potential control of microbial social behaviors.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of existing literature on microbial kin recognition.
Focus on bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms involved in collective migration.
Examination of known or implied recognition behaviors.

Main Results:

Kin recognition is essential for fitness in various social microbes.
Mechanisms for kin discrimination vary across species but are vital for collective actions.
Emergent behaviors in microbial collectives are influenced by kin recognition.

Conclusions:

Kin recognition is a fundamental aspect of social microbial evolution.
Further research into kin recognition can illuminate microbial social dynamics.
Understanding kin recognition may enable exogenous control of microbial groups.